Takbiraat in unison is as old as time. This is what is passed to us from generation to generation and has continued to make this sunnah alive. It is so surprising nowadays seeing fataawa claiming doing it in unison is bid’ah and not known among the Salaf🤨. Despite, what came down to us from the Salaf are clear evidence as the ray of the sun depicting takbiraat in unison. Some of them are listed below:
1⃣-ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻩ ، ﻭﻋﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﻭﻣﺎً ﺑﻪ : ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻤﻨﻰ ، ﻭﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ , ﻭﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ , *ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﺞ ﻣﻨﻰ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮًﺍ.*
Sa’eed bn Monsur and others reported together with Imam Bukhari who reported in Muallaq form: _Verily Umar would say the takbeer (loud) in his tent in Mina , the people in the mosque would say the takbeer , the people people in the market would say it, *till Mina was shaken due to the takbeer.*_
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻓﻲ ” ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ” : ” ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ : ” ﺗﺮﺗﺞ ” ﺑﺘﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻢ , ﺃﻱ : ﺗﻀﻄﺮﺏ , ﻭﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ , *ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ” ﺍﻫـ ( 2 / 462 )*
Hafiz Hajar Al Asqalani commented on the narration: ..and the statement “ترتج” means *shaking with movement*. *This shows the intensity in the raising of the voice in unison ( volume 2/ 462 )*
2⃣-عن عبيد بن عمير عن عمر رضي الله عنه كان يكبر في قبته بمنى فيسمعه أهل المسجد فيكبرون فيسمعه أهل السوق فيكبرون حتى يرتج مني *تكبيرا واحدا*. رواه البيهقي
‘Ubaid bn ‘Umair reported that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him would chant the takbeer (loud) in his tent in Mina then the people in the Masjid would hear it and would chant it, the people in market would here it and chant it till the *whole of Mina will resound with takbeer in unison.* [This version is reported by Bayhaqi]
2⃣-ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ ( 2 / 594 ) ﺃﻥ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻜﺒِّﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ , ﻭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻜﺒّﺮﻭﻥ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻟﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ *ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ*. ﺃﻫـ
And in Saheeh Al- Bukhari ( volume 2 / 594 ) : Maimunah would say the takbeer on the day of eid, the women would chant the takbeer behind Abban Bn Uthman and Umar bn Abdul Aziz *along with the men in the masjid* during the days of tashreeq (11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah).
-ﻭﻗﺎﻝ الإمام مالك في الموطأ : ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣَﻦ *ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ* ﺑﻤﻨﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ، ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻤﻨﻰ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻀﻰ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺋﺘﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﻬﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ، ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺣﺎﺟًّﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻢ ﺑﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ.
Imam Malik( may Allah have mercy on him said in his *Muwatta* that he said, ” _Chanting the takbeer during the days of Tashreeq should be in *unison* or singly compulsory upon all men and women in Mina and the horizons (where hajj is not holding). The pilgrims would follow in the takbeer, the Imam of hajj and others because when they finish their hajj rites and end the state of ihram, they would be led by the imam in solaat until they are like them in non-ihram state. But whoever is not a pilgrim will not be led by them except in the takbeer of the days of tashreeq.
-ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻡ ( 1 / 264 ) :
” ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ *ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖُ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺒِّﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱُ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺍﺩﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ* ، ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ، ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ، ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻝ ، ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ، ﻭﻣﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ، ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ، ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻈﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ” .
Imam Shafe’e may Allah have mercy on him said in Al Umm ( volume 1/ 264) that : whenever we sight the crescent of Shawwal ( Eid Al Fitr ): *I love that the people chant the *takbeer in unison* or alone in the mosque, market, streets, houses, as travelers and non-travellers in all situations, and that wherever they are, they should make the takbeer known.
-ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ : ” ﻭﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ، *ﻓﻴﻜﺒﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻌًﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻴﻦ* ، ﻟﻴﻼ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﺭًﺍ ”
He said further : The imam should say the takbeer after the solat and they (Imam and the followers) *should chant it in unison* and individually in the day and in the night.
– ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ – ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ :- ” ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ … ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻤﻮﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ، ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ .”
Al Hafiz ibn Hajar Al Asqalani may Allah have mercy on him said after narrating numerous reports from the companions and the Tabie’en on the chanting of takbeer during the period of the two eids, ” These narrations comprise the existence of takbeer during those days ( period of the two eid ) after every solat and other times on those days after the solaat and other times. …… And what is apparent is that Al Bukhari prefers that for everyone (both males and females); the narrations he mentioned support his view.
وقال صاحب صحيح فقه السنة(531/1) : ” وقد يستدل على مشروعية هذا الاجتماع بما علَّقه البخاري بصيغة الجزم عن ابن عمر……..”
The author of Saheehu Fiqhi Sunnah Abu Maalik said in his book ( volume 1/531 ) : *What legislated the takbeer in unison* is what Bukhari narrated with affirmative expression for Ibn Umar (that is the hadith if Umar’s takbeer at Mina)….
Conclusion: It is not everything we found with the ‘ _Babas_’ that is bid’ah even if a scholar dearest to your heart opposes it. Take time to verify before condemnation.
AbdulGaniy Adebisi
